Tube Knee
What is a knee replacement?
A knee replacement is an operation to remove a knee joint that has become so damaged that it causes pain and loss of mobility. In its place, an artificial joint is inserted, allowing the knee to become functional and removing the discomfort of the original knee.
What are the reasons for having a knee replacement?
Any condition that leads to a damaged knee joint may eventually result in the need for a knee replacement. Such conditions include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases that affect joints. People who have damaged their knees, either in an accident or through continued wear and tear (for example, those working in heavy manual jobs, footballers) may also find that their knees deteriorate.
The knee is a hinged "synovial" joint, meaning that it is enclosed by a "capsule". The space within the capsule is filled with fluid, which allows the surfaces of the two articulating knee bones to move smoothly over each other. The bone surfaces are also covered by a smooth substance called "cartilage" to aid this movement. Ligaments connect the thigh and shin bones, while muscles and tendons stabilise the joint and enable it to move. Your kneecap (patella) helps protect the joint and anchors important tendons.
What happens during a knee replacement?
The operation usually lasts about an hour and a half. The damaged ends of the bones that form the knee joint are removed and replaced with metal ends covered in a durable plastic coating that will form the new surfaces. The incision is closed with metal clips. Occasionally, a small plastic tube may be left in the wound for 24 hours after surgery to allow fluid to drain from the new knee joint.
What happens before a knee replacement?
You may be asked to visit the hospital one to two weeks before the date of your surgery, to have a preoperative interview with a nurse and/ or the anaesthetist. They will ask you questions about your current and past health, and will need to know about any allergies you may have, medications you are taking (including over the counter products or vitamin supplements), previous surgery, whether you smoke or take street drugs, and how much alcohol you use. You may also be given a physical examination, during which your heart and lungs will be checked to make sure it is safe for you to have an anaesthetic. You may be given routine laboratory tests, such as urinalysis (tests of your urine), chest x- rays, or complete blood cell counts. These should reveal potential problems that might complicate the surgery if not detected and treated early. No testing may be necessary if you are in good health and younger than age 65, but each clinic may have different requirements.
What should I expect in hospital?
For knee replacement surgery, you are usually admitted on the day of the procedure, but may be admitted the day before in some circumstances. On the day of the surgery you will be given a physical examination and asked about your medications. If necessary, the area around the knee is shaved. The leg to be operated on is usually arrowed with a black marker.
What are the possible common complications of a knee replacement?
The surgical procedure of replacing a knee is now well established and performed by most orthopaedic surgeons. It restores the patient to full mobility without pain. Complications of knee replacement surgery are infrequent. One possible problem is the formation of blood clots that block the veins of the leg. To prevent this, you may be asked to wear elasticated compression stockings and possibly also given daily injections of blood- thinning heparin under the skin before and after surgery until you go home. Less common problems include wound infection or a breakdown of the stitches.
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Article Source: ArticlesBase.com - Knee replacement
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